Word Association
One very effective way of training dogs is to use word association, this is where the owner will observe their dogs at class and at home then when the dog sits, lies down, comes to us etc we put the word to the action and reward.
This is very simple and I have taught many dogs the basics in this way because if the dog finds that by doing something it is rewarded it will obviously offer this to us again and again. For example if we were to observe our dogs in the garden and walk around the dog will eventually run to us, when it does we say the recall word and reward the dog, if we then gently tell the dog to go away the dog is far more likely to repeat this rewarding behaviour.